DIN EN 1998-4-2007 欧洲法规8.抗震结构设计.第4部分:筒仓、贮水池和管道

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【英文标准名称】:Eurocode8:Designofstructuresforearthquakeresistance-Part4:Silos,tanksandpipelines;EnglishversionofDINEN1998-4:2007-01
【原文标准名称】:欧洲法规8.抗震结构设计.第4部分:筒仓、贮水池和管道
【标准号】:DINEN1998-4-2007
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2007-01-01
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:地上;建筑;建设工程;定义;设计;地震防护;抗震设计;欧洲法规;荷载能力;数学计算;管道;管系统;安全验证;地震系数;地震荷载;筒仓;稳定性;储油罐;结构;水箱;地下
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:(1)ThescopeofEurocode8isdefinedinEN1998-1:2004,1.1.1andthescopeofthisStandardisdefinedinthisclause.AdditionalpartsofEurocode8areindicatedinEN1998-1:2004,1.1.3.(2)Thisstandardspecifiesprinciplesandapplicationrulesfortheseismicdesignofthestructuralaspectsoffacilitiescomposedofabove-groundandburiedpipelinesystemsandofstoragetanksofdifferenttypesanduses,aswellasforindependentitems,suchasforexamplesinglewatertowersservingaspecificpurposeorgroupsofsilosenclosinggranularmaterials,etc.(3)Thisstandardincludestheadditionalcritriaandrulesrequiredfortheseismicdesignofthesestructureswithoutrestrictionsontheirsize,structuraltypesandotherfunctionalcharacteristics.Forsometypesoftanksandsilos,italsoprovidesdetailsmethodsofassessmentandverificationrules.(4)Thisstandardmaynotbecompleteforthosefacilitiesassociatedwithlargeriskstothepopulationortheenviroment,forwhichadditionalrequirementsaretheresponsibilityofthecompetentauthorities.Thisstandardisalsonotcompleteforthoseconstructionworkswhichhaveuncommonstructuralelementsandwhichrequirespecialmeasurestobetakenandspecialstudiestobeperformedtoensureearthquakeprotection.Inthosetwocasesthepresentstandardgivesgeneralprinciplesbutnotdetailedapplicationrules.NOTETheNationalAnnexmayspecifyadditionalrequirementsforfacilitiesassociatedwithlargeriskstothepopulationortheenvironment.(5)Althoughlargediameterpipelinesarewithinthescopeofthisstandard,thecorrespondingdesigncriteriadonotapplyforapparentlysimilarfacilities,liketunnelsandlargeundergroundcavities.(6)Thenatureoflifelinesystemswhichoftencharacterizesthefacilitiescoveredbythisstandardrequiresconcepts,modelsandmethodsthatmaydiffersubstantiallyfromthoseincurrentuseformorecommonstructualtypes.Furthermore,theresponseandthestabilityofsilosandtankssubjectedtostrongseismicactionsmayinvolverathercomplexinterationphenomenabetweensoil-structureandstoredmaterial(eitherfluidorgranular),noteasilyamenabletosimplifieddesignprocedures.Equallychallengingmayprovetobethedesignofapipelinesystemthroughareaswithpoorandpossiblyunstablesoils.Forthereasonsgivenabove,theorganizationofthisstandardistosomeextentdifferentfromthatofotherPartsofEN1998.Thisstandardis,ingeneral,restrictedtobasicprinciplesandmethodologicalapproaches.NOTEDetailedanalysisproceduresgoingbeyondbasicprinciplesandmethodologicalapproachesaregiveninAnnexesAandBforanumberoftypicalsituations.(7)Intheformulationandimplementationofthegeneralrequirements,adistinctionhasbeenmadebetweenindependentstructuresandredundantsystems,viathechoiceofimportancefactorsand/orthroughthedefinitionofspecificverificationcriteria.(8)Ifseismicprotectionofabove-groundpipelinesisprovidedthroughseismicisolationdevicesbetweenthepipelineanditssupports(notablyonpiles),EN1998-2:2005applies,asrelevant.Forthedesignoftanks,silos,orindividualfacilitiesorcomponentsofpipelinesystemswithseismicisolation,therelevantprovisionsofEN1998-1:2004apply.
【中国标准分类号】:P15
【国际标准分类号】:91_120_25
【页数】:83P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


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基本信息
标准名称:用Д1-2型衰减标准装置检定衰减器检定规程
英文名称:Verification Regulation of Calibrating Attenuator by 1-2 Type Attenuation Standard Equipment
中标分类: 综合 >> 计量 >> 无线电计量
发布部门:国家计量总局
发布日期:1981-02-11
实施日期:1982-11-01
首发日期:
作废日期:
归口单位:中国计量科学研究院
起草单位:四机部101所、中国计量科学研究院
起草人:何文轩、顾及
出版社:中国计量出版社
出版日期:1982-11-01
页数:10页
适用范围

本规程适用于用Д1-2型衰减标准装置,对新制造、使用中和修理后的,准确度不高于表1、表2给出值的、单个衰减器或标准信号发生器中的衰减器的检定或定度。

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所属分类: 综合 计量 无线电计量
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodsforMaximumIndexDensityandUnitWeightofSoilsUsingaVibratoryTable
【原文标准名称】:使用振动台测定土壤最大标准密度和单位重量的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4253-2000(2006)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2000
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.03
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:施工材料;试验;土壤
【英文主题词】:maximumindexdensity;maximumindexunitweight;relativedensity;vibratingtable
【摘要】:1.1Thesetestmethodscoverthedeterminationofthemaximum-indexdrydensity/unitweightofcohesionless,free-drainingsoilsusingaverticallyvibratingtable.Theadjective"drybeforedensityorunitweightisomittedinthetitleandremainingportionsofthisstandardtobeconsistentwiththeapplicabledefinitiongiveninSection3onTerminology.1.2SystemsofUnits1.2.1Thetestingapparatusdescribedinthisstandardhasbeendevelopedandmanufacturedusingvaluesinthegravimetricorinch-poundsystem.Therefore,testapparatusdimensionsandmassgivenininch-poundunitsareregardedasthestandard.1.2.2Itiscommonpracticeintheengineeringprofessiontoconcurrentlyusepoundstorepresentbothaunitofmass(lbm)andaunitofforce(lbf).Thisimplicitlycombinestwoseparatesystemsofunits;thatis,theabsolutesystemandthegravitationalsystem.Itisscientificallyundesirabletocombinetheuseoftwoseparatesetsofinch-poundunitswithinasinglestandard.Thisstandardhasbeenwrittenusingthegravitationalsystemofunitswhendealingwiththeinch-poundsystem.Inthissystem,thepound(lbf)representsaunitofforce(weight).However,balancesorscalesmeasuremass;andweightmustbecalculated.Intheinch-poundsystem,itiscommontoassumethat1lbfisequalto1lbm.Whilereportingdensityisnotregardedasnonconformancewiththisstandard,unitweightsshouldbecalculatedandreportedsincetheresultsmaybeusedtodetermineforceorstress.1.2.3Thetermsdensityandunitweightareoftenusedinterchangeably.Densityismassperunitvolumewhereasunitweightisforceperunitvolume.InthisstandarddensityisgivenonlyinSIunits.Afterthedensityhasbeendetermined,theunitweightiscalculatedinSIorinch-poundunits,orboth.1.3Fouralternativemethodsareprovidedtodeterminethemaximumindexdensity/unitweight,asfollows:1.3.1Method1AUsingoven-driedsoilandanelectromagnetic,verticallyvibratingtable.1.3.2Method1BUsingwetsoilandanelectromagnetic,verticallyvibratingtable.1.3.3Method2AUsingoven-driedsoilandaneccentricorcam-driven,verticallyvibratingtable.1.3.4Method2BUsingwetsoilandaneccentricorcam-drivenverticallyvibratingtable.1.4Themethodtobeusedshouldbespecifiedbytheindividualassigningthetest.1.4.1Thetypeoftabletobeused(Method1or2)islikelytobedecidedbaseduponavailableequipment.Note1Thereisevidencetoshowthatelectromagnetictablesyieldslightlyhighervaluesofmaximumindexdensity/unitweightthantheeccentricorcam-driventables.1.4.2Itisrecommendedthatboththedryandwetmethods(Methods1Aand1Bor2Aand2B)beperformedwhenbeginninganewjoborencounteringachangeinsoiltypes,asthewetmethodcanyieldsignificantlyhighervaluesofmaximumindexdensity/unitweightforsomesoils.Suchahighermaximumindexdensity,whenconsideredalongwiththeminimumindexdensity/unitweight,TestMethodsD4254,willbefoundtosignificantlyaffectthevalueoftherelativedensity()calculatedforasoilencounteredinthefield.Whilethedrymethodisoftenpreferredbecauseresultscanusuallybeobtainedmorequickly,asageneralrulethewetmethodshouldbeusedifitisestablishedthatitproducesmaximumindexdensities/unitweightsthatwouldsignificantlyaffecttheuse/applicationofthevalueofrelativedensity.1.5Thesetestmethodsareapplicabletosoilsthatmaycontainupto15%,bydrymass,ofsoilparticlespassingaNo.200(75-m)sieve,providedtheystillhavecohesionless,free-drainingcharacteristics(nominalsievedimensionsareinaccordancewithSpecificationE11).Further,thesetestmethodsareapplicabletosoilsinwhich100%,bydrymass,ofsoilparticlespassa3-in.(75-mm)sieve.1.5.1Soil......
【中国标准分类号】:P13
【国际标准分类号】:93_020
【页数】:15P.;A4
【正文语种】: